What counts as realty
Georgia does not define real property as just dirt and buildings. Realty has three prongs: all lands and the buildings thereon; all things permanently attached to the land or to those buildings; and any interest existing in, issuing out of, or dependent upon the land or the buildings. That third prong is why an easement, an intangible right, is realty too. An answer that stops at "the surface and the buildings standing on it" names the two obvious parts and quietly drops the other two.
Fixtures turn on intent, not glue
Anything intended to remain permanently in its place is a fixture and part of the realty even if it is not actually attached. Machinery not attached and movable at pleasure is not realty. So a bolted mirror and a heavy safe the seller intends never to move can both be fixtures.
The trap: candidates look for physical attachment, or reach for weight. Neither is the test. Intent is. And the sales contract can allocate items between buyer and seller, but it does not determine whether something is a fixture.
Severance flips the category instantly
Growing trees are realty. But anything detached from the realty becomes personalty instantly upon detachment. Cut timber is personal property the moment the saw goes through it, even though it grew there and is still lying on the parcel. Neither origin nor location controls once severance has happened, and no statute requires hauling it out of the county first.
Trade fixtures
Chattels a commercial tenant installs for its business, such as coolers, an oven and counters, are trade fixtures. The tenant may always remove them so long as damage caused by removal is repaired, and no written landlord consent is required. But the right is not permanent: trade fixtures left unremoved at lease end pass to the landlord by accession. Both halves matter, and the exam tests them together.